We are not anti-capitalists because we are bothered by the so-called ‘American way of life,’ nor socialists because there is socialism in the Soviet Union or in China, or Cuba. Amid conflicts between right and left wings of the party, Zavaleta, as a deputy and then Minister of Mines and Petroleum in the third and final MNR government in the early 1960s, argued that the only path to real national self-determination was through socialism. By demanding the nationalization of the mines and seizing estates in anticipation of land reform, the popular classes opened conflicts with the MNR government that intensified as the latter reanimated the fractured military and took out an IMF loan to stabilize the economy. But workers and peasants, self-organized and led by the militant miners unions, also contested the limits of the revolution that politicians sought to rein in. Workers and popular militias mobilized to support an attempted putsch by the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) against the conservative government installed by the military a year before. The Bolivian revolution of April 1952 inspired Zavaleta’s early, nationalist phase. If Zavaleta’s written work proves difficult, this is in part because he was an interpreter of the conjuncture – of these many conjunctures – the details of which may be distant to some readers today. And through it all, he never stopped writing. He was a revolutionary, diplomat, politician, educator, and exile. He endured imprisonment, flight, and expatriation during Latin America’s dark 1970s. He lived the Bolivian nationalist revolution of 1952, the coup that ended it twelve years later, the revolutionary Popular Assembly in La Paz in 1971, and the brief Allende electoral experiment in Chile. #RENE ZAVALETA MERCADO LO NACIONAL POPULAR EN BOLIVIA PDF PDF#PDF Diego Rivera, Paisaje Zapatista, 1915 Editorial Introduction
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